1: With lithium hydroxide; water in tetrahydrofuran T=23°C; 2: With hydrogenchloride in water pH=2 - 3;

1: With lithium hydroxide hydrate in tetrahydrofuran; water 2: With hydrogenchloride in tetrahydrofuran; water T=20°C; pH=2; 1 h;

palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen in methanol; ethyl acetate P=760.051 Torr; 14 h; Inert atmosphere;

sodium hydroxide

1: PPh3; CCl4; i-Pr2NEt / acetonitrile; CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 2: CuBr; DBU; HMTA / CH2Cl2 3: K2CO3 / methanol; H2O View Scheme

1: CuBr; DBU; HMTA / CH2Cl2 2: K2CO3 / methanol; H2O View Scheme

1: N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / dichloromethane / 0 - 50 °C 2: potassium carbonate; [bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]-sulfur trifluoride / dichloromethane / -78 - 20 °C / Ijnert atmosphere 3: trichloromonobromomethane; 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene / dichloromethane / 0 - 20 °C 4: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / methanol; ethyl acetate / 14 h / 760.05 Torr / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: 74 percent / NiO2 / benzene / 28 h / Heating 2: 90 percent / aq. NaOH View Scheme

1: 72 percent / CF3SO3H / benzene; hexane / 0.67 h / Ambient temperature 2: 74 percent / NiO2 / benzene / 28 h / Heating 3: 90 percent / aq. NaOH View Scheme

1: potassium carbonate; [bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]-sulfur trifluoride / dichloromethane / -78 - 20 °C / Ijnert atmosphere 2: trichloromonobromomethane; 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene / dichloromethane / 0 - 20 °C 3: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / methanol; ethyl acetate / 14 h / 760.05 Torr / Inert atmosphere View Scheme