1: With methanol; sodium hydroxide; water in toluene T=65°C; 2 h; 2: With hydrogenchloride in water; toluene

1.1: 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene / toluene / 0.5 h / 40 - 45 °C 1.2: 6 h / Reflux 2.1: 2,6-bis[(4S)-isopropyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl]pyridine; dichloro(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer / toluene / 50 - 55 °C 3.1: sodium hydroxide; water / methanol / 2 h / 60 - 65 °C 3.2: pH < 1.5 View Scheme

1.1: 2,6-bis[(4S)-isopropyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl]pyridine; dichloro(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer / toluene / 50 - 55 °C 2.1: sodium hydroxide; water / methanol / 2 h / 60 - 65 °C 2.2: pH < 1.5 View Scheme

1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide; oxalyl dichloride / dichloromethane / 2 h / 0 - 20 °C 2: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 3 h / 0 - 20 °C 3: palladium diacetate / dichloromethane; diethyl ether / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 4: lithium hydroxide hydrate / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 50 °C View Scheme

1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 3 h / 0 - 20 °C 2: palladium diacetate / dichloromethane; diethyl ether / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 3: lithium hydroxide hydrate / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 50 °C View Scheme

1: sodium hydroxide / water; toluene / 1 h / 40 °C 2: sodium t-butanolate / toluene / 11 h / 60 - 80 °C 3: water; sodium hydroxide / methanol / 1 h / 65 °C View Scheme

1: sodium t-butanolate / toluene / 11 h / 60 - 80 °C 2: water; sodium hydroxide / methanol / 1 h / 65 °C View Scheme

1: AlCl3, aluminium chloride / 1.33 h / 50 °C 2: boric acid trimethyl ester; (S)-(-)-α,α-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol; dimethylsulfide borane complex / tetrahydrofuran; toluene / 1.5 h / 35 - 45 °C 3: sodium hydroxide / water; toluene / 1 h / 40 °C 4: sodium t-butanolate / toluene / 11 h / 60 - 80 °C 5: water; sodium hydroxide / methanol / 1 h / 65 °C View Scheme

1: boric acid trimethyl ester; (S)-(-)-α,α-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol; dimethylsulfide borane complex / tetrahydrofuran; toluene / 1.5 h / 35 - 45 °C 2: sodium hydroxide / water; toluene / 1 h / 40 °C 3: sodium t-butanolate / toluene / 11 h / 60 - 80 °C 4: water; sodium hydroxide / methanol / 1 h / 65 °C View Scheme

1.1: triethylamine; diphenyl phosphoryl azide / toluene / 1 h / Reflux 1.2: 16 h / Reflux 2.1: N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / dichloromethane / 16 h / 20 °C 3.1: hydrogenchloride / water; methanol / 3 h / 20 °C 3.2: pH 8 - 9 View Scheme