1.1: [{RuCl2(cymene)}2]; 2,4,6-trimethyl benzoic acid; sodium carbonate / toluene / 20 h / 120 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate / toluene / 2 h / 100 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.2: 0.25 h / 80 °C / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

2,2'-azo-bisisobutyronitrile; tri-n-butyl-tin hydride in benzene

1: dimethyl sulfoxide / 6 h / 120 °C / |Inert atmosphere; |Molecular sieve 2: dicyclohexyl(2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine; palladium diacetate; potassium phosphate / 1,4-dioxane; water / 12 h / 23 - 100 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 3 h / 120 °C / |Inert atmosphere; |Molecular sieve 2: chloro-trimethyl-silane / acetonitrile; dichloromethane / 12 h / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 3: dicyclohexyl(2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine; palladium diacetate; potassium phosphate / 1,4-dioxane; water / 12 h / 23 - 100 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

T=180 - 190°C; 8 h;

2,2'-azo-bisisobutyronitrile; diphenyl diselenide; tri-n-butyl-tin hydride 1 h; Heating;

(i) NaNO2, aq. H2SO4, (ii) H2SO4; Multistep reaction;