1: With potassium hydroxide in ethanol; water T=20 - 100°C; Inert atmosphere; 2: With hydrogenchloride in water T=0°C; pH=2; Inert atmosphere;

carbon dioxide; potassium carbonate T=240 - 250°C; P=32362.3 - 33833.4 Torr;

1.1: palladium diacetate; caesium carbonate; 2,2'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'- binaphthyl / toluene / 20 - 120 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: potassium hydroxide / ethanol; water / 20 - 100 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.2: 0 °C / pH 2 / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

potassium permanganate anschliessende Hydrolyse mit wss. KOH;