ammonium nitrate; disodium hydrogenphosphate; potassium dihydrogenphosphate; (R,R)-cystine; disodium L-glutamate; magnesium sulfate; copper(II) sulfate; anhydrous zinc sulfate; calcium carbonate; molybdenum(VI) oxide; peptone; yeast extract in water T=27°C; 240 h;

1: 75 percent / Et3N, H2 / Pd/C / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature 2: 69 percent / NaHCO3, iodine, potassium iodide / H2O; CH2Cl2 3: 72 percent / H2, Et3N / Adams' platinum oxide / methanol / 0.75 h / 20 °C 4: 56 percent / acetic acid / 20 °C 5: 80 percent / sodium borohydride, Et3N / CHCl3; methanol 6: aq. KOH / 16 h / 25 °C 7: H2O / 37 °C / pH 8.25; cosynthetase; Vmax, t1/2 View Scheme

1: 72 percent / H2, Et3N / Adams' platinum oxide / methanol / 0.75 h / 20 °C 2: 56 percent / acetic acid / 20 °C 3: 80 percent / sodium borohydride, Et3N / CHCl3; methanol 4: aq. KOH / 16 h / 25 °C 5: H2O / 37 °C / pH 8.25; cosynthetase; Vmax, t1/2 View Scheme

1: 72 percent / benzoyl chloride / 2 h / 20 °C 2: 75 percent / Et3N, H2 / Pd/C / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature 3: 69 percent / NaHCO3, iodine, potassium iodide / H2O; CH2Cl2 4: 72 percent / H2, Et3N / Adams' platinum oxide / methanol / 0.75 h / 20 °C 5: 56 percent / acetic acid / 20 °C 6: 80 percent / sodium borohydride, Et3N / CHCl3; methanol 7: aq. KOH / 16 h / 25 °C 8: H2O / 37 °C / pH 8.25; cosynthetase; Vmax, t1/2 View Scheme

1: 1.) toluene-p-sulphonic acid, 2.) sodium hydride / 1) CH2Cl2, methanol, 20 deg C, 20 h; 2) CH2Cl2, methanol, ethanol 2: 72 percent / benzoyl chloride / 2 h / 20 °C 3: 75 percent / Et3N, H2 / Pd/C / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature 4: 69 percent / NaHCO3, iodine, potassium iodide / H2O; CH2Cl2 5: 72 percent / H2, Et3N / Adams' platinum oxide / methanol / 0.75 h / 20 °C 6: 56 percent / acetic acid / 20 °C 7: 80 percent / sodium borohydride, Et3N / CHCl3; methanol 8: aq. KOH / 16 h / 25 °C 9: H2O / 37 °C / pH 8.25; cosynthetase; Vmax, t1/2 View Scheme

1: 1.7 g / dicyclohexylcarbodiimide / tetrahydrofuran / 17 h / 20 °C 2: 62 percent / p-toluenesulfonic acid / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 41 °C 3: 57 percent / hydrogen, 10percent Pd on charcoal / ethanol / 2 h / 2585.7 Torr 4: 1.) sodium bicarbonate, iodine 2.) hydrogen, 10percent Pd/C, sodium acetate / 1.) ethanol, 30 min, 20 deg C 2.) ethanol, 50 psi, 2 h 5: 60 percent / dimethylformamide / 1 h / 20 °C 6: 1.) HBr 2.) hydrogen, 10percent Pd on charcoal, (morpholinomethyl)polystyrene / 1.) methanol, 15 min, 20 deg C; glacial acetic acid, 90 min, 20 deg C 2.) chloroform, methanol, 1 h, 40 psi 7: saponification 8: 20 percent / 37 °C / pH=7.4 View Scheme

1: 62 percent / p-toluenesulfonic acid / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 41 °C 2: 57 percent / hydrogen, 10percent Pd on charcoal / ethanol / 2 h / 2585.7 Torr 3: 1.) sodium bicarbonate, iodine 2.) hydrogen, 10percent Pd/C, sodium acetate / 1.) ethanol, 30 min, 20 deg C 2.) ethanol, 50 psi, 2 h 4: 60 percent / dimethylformamide / 1 h / 20 °C 5: 1.) HBr 2.) hydrogen, 10percent Pd on charcoal, (morpholinomethyl)polystyrene / 1.) methanol, 15 min, 20 deg C; glacial acetic acid, 90 min, 20 deg C 2.) chloroform, methanol, 1 h, 40 psi 6: saponification 7: 20 percent / 37 °C / pH=7.4 View Scheme

1: 80 percent / zinc powder / acetic acid / 3 h / 140 °C 2: hydrogen, 10percent Pd on charcoal / methanol / 1 h / 2585.7 Torr 3: 1.7 g / dicyclohexylcarbodiimide / tetrahydrofuran / 17 h / 20 °C 4: 62 percent / p-toluenesulfonic acid / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 41 °C 5: 57 percent / hydrogen, 10percent Pd on charcoal / ethanol / 2 h / 2585.7 Torr 6: 1.) sodium bicarbonate, iodine 2.) hydrogen, 10percent Pd/C, sodium acetate / 1.) ethanol, 30 min, 20 deg C 2.) ethanol, 50 psi, 2 h 7: 60 percent / dimethylformamide / 1 h / 20 °C 8: 1.) HBr 2.) hydrogen, 10percent Pd on charcoal, (morpholinomethyl)polystyrene / 1.) methanol, 15 min, 20 deg C; glacial acetic acid, 90 min, 20 deg C 2.) chloroform, methanol, 1 h, 40 psi 9: saponification 10: 20 percent / 37 °C / pH=7.4 View Scheme

1: 72 percent / sodium bicarbonate, potassium iodide, iodine / H2O / 1 h / 75 °C 2: 80 percent / zinc powder / acetic acid / 3 h / 140 °C 3: hydrogen, 10percent Pd on charcoal / methanol / 1 h / 2585.7 Torr 4: 1.7 g / dicyclohexylcarbodiimide / tetrahydrofuran / 17 h / 20 °C 5: 62 percent / p-toluenesulfonic acid / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 41 °C 6: 57 percent / hydrogen, 10percent Pd on charcoal / ethanol / 2 h / 2585.7 Torr 7: 1.) sodium bicarbonate, iodine 2.) hydrogen, 10percent Pd/C, sodium acetate / 1.) ethanol, 30 min, 20 deg C 2.) ethanol, 50 psi, 2 h 8: 60 percent / dimethylformamide / 1 h / 20 °C 9: 1.) HBr 2.) hydrogen, 10percent Pd on charcoal, (morpholinomethyl)polystyrene / 1.) methanol, 15 min, 20 deg C; glacial acetic acid, 90 min, 20 deg C 2.) chloroform, methanol, 1 h, 40 psi 10: saponification 11: 20 percent / 37 °C / pH=7.4 View Scheme

1: 60 percent / dimethylformamide / 1 h / 20 °C 2: 1.) HBr 2.) hydrogen, 10percent Pd on charcoal, (morpholinomethyl)polystyrene / 1.) methanol, 15 min, 20 deg C; glacial acetic acid, 90 min, 20 deg C 2.) chloroform, methanol, 1 h, 40 psi 3: saponification 4: 20 percent / 37 °C / pH=7.4 View Scheme