1: hydrogen / 10percent Pd on carbon / ethyl acetate / 0.75 h / Ambient temperature; atmospheric pressure 2: 1.) perchloric acid, acetic anhydride, 2.) bromine, epichlorohydrine / 1.) ethyl acetate, room temperature, 15 min, 2.) CCl4, 0 deg C, 10 min 3: 1.) semicarbazide hydrochloride, sodium acetate, 2.) aq. pyruvic acid / 1.) dioxane, water, room temperature, 2 h, 2.) overnight View Scheme

hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal in ethyl acetate 0.75 h; Ambient temperatureatmospheric pressure; Yield given;

(i) CuCl, (ii) aq. NH4Cl; Multistep reaction;

sodium hydroxide 2 h; Heating;