1: With sodium carbonate; p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in tetrahydrofuran; water T=20°C; 2 h; 2: With hydrogenchloride in 1,4-dioxane; water 12 h; 3: With sodium hydroxide in water T=0°C; pH=10;

hydrogenchloride in 1,4-dioxane T=120°C; 0.0166667 h; Microwave irradiation;

pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide; acetic acid T=60°C; 12 h;

1.1: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / ethanol / 1.5 h / Reflux 2.1: trichlorophosphate / 1,2-dichloro-benzene / 1.5 h / 20 °C 2.2: 4 h / 105 °C 2.3: 20 °C 3.1: 3 h / 115 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.2: 1 h / 20 °C / Molecular sieve; Inert atmosphere 4.1: sodium carbonate; p-toluenesulfonyl chloride / tetrahydrofuran; water / 2 h / 20 °C 4.2: 12 h 4.3: 0 °C / pH 10 View Scheme

1.1: 3 h / 115 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.2: 1 h / 20 °C / Molecular sieve; Inert atmosphere 2.1: sodium carbonate; p-toluenesulfonyl chloride / tetrahydrofuran; water / 2 h / 20 °C 2.2: 12 h 2.3: 0 °C / pH 10 View Scheme

ammonium hydroxide; copper; copper(l) chloride T=170°C; 36 h;