zinc in tetrahydrofuran; water under air atm., at room temp., cosolvent media: H2O(NH4Cl)/THF/Zn, alkyliodide was added dropwise to the alkyl tin halide in solvent mixt. over 15 min, reaction time 1.0 h; Zn was filtered off, aq. phase was extd. three times with n-pentane, organic phase was washed with sat. aq. NaCl and dried over MgSO4, solvent was removed, crude oil was distilled under vac.; (119Sn NMR monitoring);

magnesium in not given Sonication; mixt. of tin derivative, Mg turnings, solvent (Et2O or THF) and few drops of organic bromide was sonicated (ultrasound, 47 kHz, 300W), soln. of organic bromide was added; washed with brine, extd. with Et2O, dried over MgSO4, evapd. in vac., column chromy. (neutral alumina or silica gel, petroleum ether);

triethylamine; zinc in triethylamine 160°C;

in diethyl ether refluxing for 1 h;;

in diethyl ether

1: n-butyl chloride 3: I2 / not given 4: diethyl ether 5: O2 / further solvent(s) 6: diethyl ether View Scheme

n-butyl chloride treatment of (C2H5)3SnCl with C4H9Cl at 160°C in a sealed tube in presence of Na;;

2: I2 / not given 3: diethyl ether 4: O2 / further solvent(s) 5: diethyl ether View Scheme

1: neat (no solvent) 3: ammonia 4: n-butyllithium / diethyl ether View Scheme

in cyclohexane Kinetics; byproducts: (C4H9)2AlH; reaction at 80°C;;