1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride in tetrahydrofuran T=85°C; 18 h;

hydrogenchloride; copper(l) chloride; sodium nitrite Yield given. Multistep reaction;

(electrolysis);

1: (i) aq. EtOH, (ii) H2SO4, AcOH 2: (electrolysis) View Scheme

potassium hydroxide; hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal in 2,2,4-trimethylpentane T=50°C; var. temp.: 20 deg C; add. of tricaprylmethylammonium chloride or polyethyleneglycol monomethylether; var. solv.: Et2O or n-pentane; add of m- and p-chloropropylbenzene: competitive reduction; Rate constant;