sodium hydroxide in ethanol; water T=80°C;

1: in tetrahydrofuran T=10 - 25°C; 0.5 - 0.75 h; 2: With water in tetrahydrofuran T=0 - 30°C; 0.0833333 - 0.166667 h; 3: With hydrogenchloride; potassium hydroxide; hydrazine more than 3 stages;

1: With sodium hydroxide; water in ethanol 0.5 h; Heating / reflux; 2: With hydrogenchloride in ethanol; water Product distribution / selectivity;

1: With sodium hydroxide; water in ethanol 8 h; Heating / reflux; 2: With hydrogenchloride in ethanol; water Product distribution / selectivity;

1: NaHCO3 / diethyl ether; ethanol; H2O / 36 h / Ambient temperature 2: Cu / toluene / 0.25 h / Heating 3: 75.5 percent / 10percent aq. NaOH / ethanol / 0.17 h / Heating View Scheme

1: Cu / toluene / 0.25 h / Heating 2: 75.5 percent / 10percent aq. NaOH / ethanol / 0.17 h / Heating View Scheme

1: With sulfuric acid; water in methanol 4 h; Heating / reflux; 2: With sodium hydroxide; water in methanol 4 h; Heating / reflux; 3: With hydrogenchloride in methanol; water Product distribution / selectivity;

1: NaHCO3 / diethyl ether; ethanol; H2O / 36 h / Ambient temperature 2: Cu / toluene / 0.25 h / Heating 3: 75.5 percent / 10percent aq. NaOH / ethanol / 0.17 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 1.) Et3N, 2.) NaBH(OAc)3 / 1) CH2Cl2, rt, 15 min; 2) CH2Cl2, rt, 12 h 2: 68 percent / pivalic acid / 5 h / 150 °C 3: 77 percent / EtONa / ethanol / 15 h / Ambient temperature 4: 1.) NaH / 1) THF, rt, 1 h; 2) THF, rt, 12 h 5: 92 percent / Pd(PPh3)4, Na2CO3 / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 1) rt, 1 h; 2) reflux, 1 h 6: 1.) p-toluenesulfonhydrazide, p-TsOH*H2O, 2.) NaBH3CN / 1) EtOH, reflux, 7 h; 2) EtOH, reflux, 4 h 7: 77 percent / aq. NaOH / ethanol / 0.25 h / 80 °C View Scheme

1: 77 percent / EtONa / ethanol / 15 h / Ambient temperature 2: 1.) NaH / 1) THF, rt, 1 h; 2) THF, rt, 12 h 3: 92 percent / Pd(PPh3)4, Na2CO3 / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 1) rt, 1 h; 2) reflux, 1 h 4: 1.) p-toluenesulfonhydrazide, p-TsOH*H2O, 2.) NaBH3CN / 1) EtOH, reflux, 7 h; 2) EtOH, reflux, 4 h 5: 77 percent / aq. NaOH / ethanol / 0.25 h / 80 °C View Scheme