1: With sodium tetrahydroborate; methanesulfonic acid in dimethyl-ether; isopropyl alcohol T=0 - 10°C; 12.5 h; 2: With triethanolamine in dimethyl-ether; isobutyramide; isopropyl alcohol T=0 - 20°C; 2.91667 h; 3: With water in dimethyl-ether; isobutyramide; isopropyl alcohol T=10 - 20°C;

1: With sodium tetrahydroborate; trifluoroacetic acid in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether T=-10 - 20°C; 0.5 h; 2: With sodium hydroxide in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; water T=5 - 10°C;

sodium hydroxide in di-isopropyl ether; water

methanesulfonic acid; hydrogen in ethanol

1.1: potassium carbonate; potassium hydroxide / water / 5 h / |Reflux 2.1: sodium amide / acetonitrile; tert-butyl methyl ether / 2 h / 0 - 5 °C / |Large scale 2.2: 2 h / 25 °C / |Large scale 3.1: sodium tetrahydroborate; methanesulfonic acid; isopropyl alcohol / ethylene glycol dimethyl ether / 12 h / 0 - 10 °C 3.2: 0.5 h / 5 °C 3.3: 2 h / 10 - 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: sodium amide / acetonitrile; tert-butyl methyl ether / 2 h / 0 - 5 °C / |Large scale 1.2: 2 h / 25 °C / |Large scale 2.1: sodium tetrahydroborate; methanesulfonic acid; isopropyl alcohol / ethylene glycol dimethyl ether / 12 h / 0 - 10 °C 2.2: 0.5 h / 5 °C 2.3: 2 h / 10 - 20 °C View Scheme

1: imidazole / dimethylformamide; ethyl acetate / 0 - 20 °C 2: HCO2NH4 / Pd/C / methanol / 50 °C View Scheme

1: in water; ethyl acetate 1 h; Heating / reflux; 2: With palladium on activated carbon; ammonium formate in methanol T=55°C; 2 h;

1: Pd(OH)2; HCO2NH4 View Scheme

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