p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate in toluene

1: 63 percent / K2CO3 / acetone / Heating 2: 69 percent / Cp2Ti[P(OEt)3]2 / tetrahydrofuran View Scheme

hydrogenchloride; mercury dichloride; zinc in water Ambient temperature;

Grubb's 2nd generation catalyst in toluene Heating; Title compound not separated from byproducts;

1: 65 percent / polyphosphoric acid 2: zinc powder, mercuric chloride, cc. HCl / H2O / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 1.) KOH, 2.) cc. HCl / 1.) ethanol, room temp., 1.5 h, 2.) water 2: 65 percent / polyphosphoric acid 3: zinc powder, mercuric chloride, cc. HCl / H2O / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 60 percent / 1.05 M sodium ethoxide / ethanol / 20 h / 40 °C / Heating 2: 1.) KOH, 2.) cc. HCl / 1.) ethanol, room temp., 1.5 h, 2.) water 3: 65 percent / polyphosphoric acid 4: zinc powder, mercuric chloride, cc. HCl / H2O / Ambient temperature View Scheme