1: KOH / dimethylformamide / 7 h / Ambient temperature 2: 85 percent / 80percent AcOH, 2N HCl / H2O / 5 h / 90 °C 3: 90 percent / 2,6-lutidine, KF, 18-crown-6 ether / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / Ambient temperature 4: 11 percent / 1.) molecular sieves 4 Angstroem, 2.) BF3*Et2O / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / -40 °C 5: 76 percent / H2 / Pd/C / ethyl acetate; methanol / 1 h / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature View Scheme

sulfuric acid; copper(II) sulfate 12 h;

toluene-4-sulfonic acid 2 h;

water-d2 T=46.9°C; substrate specificity of naringinase from Penicillium decumbens; further rhamnose and mannose derivatives;

diphenylboronic ethanolamine complex; silver(l) oxide in acetonitrile T=40°C; 48 h; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;

1: toluene-p-sulphonic acid / dimethylformamide / 2 h / 70 - 75 °C 2: 94.4 percent / 1N NaOMe / methanol / 16 h / Ambient temperature 3: 88 percent / LAH, AlCl3 / CH2Cl2; diethyl ether View Scheme

triethylamine; tin(ll) chloride in ethyl acetate T=110°C; 32 h; various reagent concentration, solvent; Product distribution;

sodium periodate in water T=20°C; Rate constant;