potassium phosphate; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) in water; toluene T=100°C; Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling; 20 h;

1.1: palladium(II) acetate / diethyl ether / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 1.2: KHF2 / methanol; H2O / 4 h / 20 °C 2.1: 88 percent / K3PO4*3H2O / tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) / toluene; H2O / 20 h / 100 °C View Scheme

aluminium trichloride in carbon disulfide 2 h; Ambient temperature; Yields of byproduct given;

(i) AlCl3, PhNO2, (ii) /BRN= 1907994/; Multistep reaction;

in benzene Irradiationphotochemical isomerization; photoisomerization in the presence of triplet quencher; laser flash photolysis; formation of intermediate 1,3-biradicals and their lifetimes in various solvents; substituent effect; mechanism of photoisomerization; Product distributionQuantum yield;

in benzene Irradiationphotochemical isomerization; photoisomerization in the presence of triplet quencher; laser flash photolysis; formation of intermediate 1,3-biradicals and their lifetimes in various solvents; substituent effect; mechanism of photoisomerization; Product distributionQuantum yield;