sodium methylate in tetrahydrofuran 3 equiv. NaOMe, 20 °C, stirring for 7 days, addn. of metal salt,stirring for 3 days;

in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=200°C; 0.166667 h; Microwaves;

sodium methylate in methanol Sonication; Zn added to a methanol soln. containing an equivalent quantity of phthalonitrile and 5 drops of 30percent soln of CH3ONa in methanol; flask put into an ultrasonic cleaner and maintained at 50°C for 24-72 h; blue product separated from unreacted metal by shaking and decanting with the solvent, washed with ethanol in Soxhlet equipment and dried in air; purity of 95-97percent; elem. anal.;

1,8-diazabicyclo{5.4.0}undec-7-ene in pentan-1-ol a mixt. of the Cu salt, phthalonitrile, and the base (molar ratio 2.5:10:10) was refluxed in n-pentanol for 6 h;; the ppt. was filtered off, washed with 3percent HCl soln., water, and ethanol and purified by extrn. with CHCl3; IR, UV, XRD, and elem.anal.;;

1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene in pentan-1-ol 12 h; Inert atmosphereReflux;

T=200 - 300°C; 6 h; Inert atmosphere;

zinc diacetate in nitrobenzene 5 h; Reflux;

1,8-diazabicyclo{5.4.0}undec-7-ene in pentan-1-ol a mixt. of the Cu salt, phthalonitrile, and the base (molar ratio 2.5:10:10) was refluxed in n-pentanol for 6 h;; the ppt. was filtered off, washed with 3percent HCl soln., water, and ethanol and purified by extrn. with CHCl3; IR, UV, XRD, and elem.anal.;;

1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene in pentan-1-ol phthalonitrile (2.0 mmol) was treated with unsubstituted phthalonitrile (18.0 mmol) and Zn-contg. compd. (5.0 mmol) in pentanol at 140-150°C for 24 h, then a small amt. of DBU was added; brief cooling; volatiles were removed under reduced pressure; residue was dissolved in CHCl3; soln. was filtered to remove ZnPc; filtrate was collected, evapd.to dryness in vac.; column chromy. (silica gel, CHCl3/CH3OH); recrystn. from THF/hexane; elem. anal.;

1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene in pentan-1-ol (N2); heating a mixt. of zinc salt with dinitriles in n-pentanol to 100°C, addn. of DBU, stirring at 140-150°C for 24 h, cooling; evapn. in vac., dissolving in CHCl3, filtration, evapn. in vac., column chromy. (silica gel, CHCl3/methanol 30:1 vol.), size exclusion chromy. (Bio-Rad Bio-Beads S-X1, THF), recrystn. (THF/hexane);