1: With hydrogenchloride in water T=20°C; 2: With sodium nitrite in water T=0 - 5°C; 1.16667 h; 3: With hydrogenchloride; SnCl2·2H2O in water T=0 - 5°C;

1.1: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / methanol / 20 °C / 760.05 Torr / |Inert atmosphere 2.1: hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite / water / 1 h / 0 - 5 °C / |Cooling with ice 2.2: 2 h / 0 - 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: nitric acid; sulfuric acid / 0.25 h / 20 °C / |Cooling with ice 2.1: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / methanol / 20 °C / 760.05 Torr / |Inert atmosphere 3.1: hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite / water / 1 h / 0 - 5 °C / |Cooling with ice 3.2: 2 h / 0 - 20 °C View Scheme

sodium hydroxide in water T=20°C; pH=8 - 9; 3 h;