1: With phosphoric acid; phosphorus trichoride in 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; PEG 600 (polyethylene glycol) T=40 - 60°C; 2: With water in 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; PEG 600 (polyethylene glycol) T=85°C; 18 h; Product distribution / selectivity;

1: With methanesulfonic acid; phosphorus trichoride T=26 - 80°C; 16 h; 2: With water T=26 - 110°C; 5 h; 3: With sodium hydroxide in water pH=1.8; 12 h;

hydrogenchloride in water T=89.84°C; pH=1.5; 0.25 h;

1: With methanesulfonic acid T=80°C; Green chemistry; 2: in water Green chemistry; 3: With sodium hydroxide in water Green chemistry;

water in ethanol 0.5 h;

water T=70 - 80°C; Heating / reflux;