1: 5 percent / sodium dithionite / aq. NaOH / 1.) room temp., 2 h, 2.) 50 deg C, 14 h, 3.) 100 deg C, 15 min 2: 1.) conc. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) NaOH / 1.) H2O, 0 deg C, 2.) pH 10-11, 15 min View Scheme

sodium hydroxide T=0°C; 0.666667 h;

1: aq. NaOH / 72 h / 60 - 100 °C / pH 10 2: 1.) conc. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) NaOH / 1.) H2O, 0 deg C, 2.) pH 10-11, 15 min View Scheme

1: 1.) conc. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) NaOH / 1.) H2O, 0 deg C, 2.) pH 10-11, 15 min 2: aq. NaOH / 72 h / 60 - 100 °C / pH 10 3: 1.) conc. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) NaOH / 1.) H2O, 0 deg C, 2.) pH 10-11, 15 min View Scheme

hydrogenchloride; sodium hydroxide; sodium nitrite 1.) H2O, 0 deg C, 2.) pH 10-11, 15 min; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

1: aq. NaOH / 72 h / 60 - 100 °C / pH 10 2: 1.) conc. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) NaOH / 1.) H2O, 0 deg C, 2.) pH 10-11, 15 min 3: aq. NaOH / 72 h / 60 - 100 °C / pH 10 View Scheme

1: aq. NaOH / 72 h / 60 - 100 °C / pH 10 2: 1.) conc. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) NaOH / 1.) H2O, 0 deg C, 2.) pH 10-11, 15 min 3: aq. NaOH / 72 h / 60 - 100 °C / pH 10 4: 1.) conc. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) NaOH / 1.) H2O, 0 deg C, 2.) pH 10-11, 15 min 5: 16 percent / aq. NaOH / 72 h / 60 - 100 °C / pH 10 View Scheme