1: 63 percent / HNO3 / 1.) -50-(-40) deg C, 1 h, 2.) -30 deg C, 25 min 2: 73 percent / TFA, t-BuI, I2, FeCl2 / dimethylsulfoxide / 5 h / 80 - 85 °C 3: 93 percent / HCl / diethyl ether / 65 h / Heating 4: 86 percent / NiCl2, BaBH4 / methanol / 0.08 h / 50 °C 5: 64 percent / aq. HCl / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 40 °C 6: 51 percent / cerium ammonium nitrate 8: 24 percent / electrochemical oxidation View Scheme

1: 63 percent / HNO3 / 1.) -50-(-40) deg C, 1 h, 2.) -30 deg C, 25 min 2: 73 percent / TFA, t-BuI, I2, FeCl2 / dimethylsulfoxide / 5 h / 80 - 85 °C 3: 93 percent / HCl / diethyl ether / 65 h / Heating 4: 4 Angstroem sieves / CH2Cl2 / 22 h / Ambient temperature 5: NiCl2, NaBH4 / methanol / 0.08 h 6: 14 percent / Bu4NHSO4, NaOH / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / Ambient temperature 7: 37 percent / 4 Angstroem sieves, BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 1.) -78 deg C - (-30) deg C, 1.5 h, 2.) -30 deg C - (-20) deg C, 30 min 8: aq. NaOH View Scheme

1: 63 percent / HNO3 / 1.) -50-(-40) deg C, 1 h, 2.) -30 deg C, 25 min 2: 55 percent / NBS / dimethylformamide / 3.08 h / 60 °C 3: 76 percent / TFA, t-BuI, I2, FeCl2 / dimethylsulfoxide / 5 h / 80 - 85 °C 4: 84 percent / HCl / diethyl ether / 48 h / Heating 5: 80 percent / NiCl2, NaBH4 / methanol / 0.33 h 6: 54 percent / Ac2O / 48 h / Ambient temperature 7: 82 percent / aq. NaOH / CH2Cl2; methanol / 1 h / Ambient temperature 8: 1.) NaH / 1.) THF, room temperature - 30 min, reflux - 15 min, 2.) THF, room temperature, 20 h 9: 100 percent / aq. NaOH / 24 h / Heating 10: ceric ammonium sulfate 11: NH3 View Scheme

1: 63 percent / HNO3 / 1.) -50-(-40) deg C, 1 h, 2.) -30 deg C, 25 min 2: 73 percent / TFA, t-BuI, I2, FeCl2 / dimethylsulfoxide / 5 h / 80 - 85 °C 3: 93 percent / HCl / diethyl ether / 65 h / Heating 4: 86 percent / NiCl2, BaBH4 / methanol / 0.08 h / 50 °C 5: 64 percent / aq. HCl / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 40 °C 6: CH2Cl2 / 15 h / Ambient temperature 7: 1.) NaH / 1.) THF, room temperature 45 min, reflux - 15 min, 2.) THF, 14 h 8: 80 percent / TFA / CH2Cl2 / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature 9: 60 percent / ceric ammonium nitrate 10: 98 percent / NH4Cl View Scheme